Table 1 Autophagy-related proteins identified from the SilkDB.
From: Systematic cloning and analysis of autophagy-related genes from the silkworm Bombyx mori
Autophagy proteins | Bombyx mori genes | Biochemical properties |
|---|---|---|
Ubiquitin-like conjugation pathway | ||
Atg3 | BGIBMGA003767-TA | E2-like enzyme conjugates Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) |
Atg4 | BGIBMGA004926-TA | Cysteine protease, cleaves C-terminal extension or PE from Atg8 |
Atg5 | BGIBMGA007878-TA | Conjugates to Atg12 through internal lysine |
Atg7 | BGIBMGA001467-TA | E1-like enzyme activates Atg8 and Atg12 |
Atg8 | BGIVMGA011783-PA | Conjugates with Atg7, Atg3 |
Atg12 | BGIBMGA003954-TA | Conjugates to Atg5 by E1 enzyme Atg7 |
Atg16 | BGIBMGA006504-TA | Protein interacts with Atg12-Atg5 |
Signal transduction pathway | ||
PI3K-I | BGIBMGA010561-TA | Relieves the inhibitory effects on TOR through PI3K/Akt pathway |
Pdk1 | BGIBMGA011755-TA | The activator of Akt/Pkb |
Akt/Pkb | BGIBMGA014132-TA | Protein kinase B, be activated by Pdk1 |
Tsc1 | BGIBMGA005845-TA | Forms a complex with Tsc2 |
Tsc2 | BGIBMGA005686-TA | Tuberous sclerosis complex 2, induce autophagy by inhibiting TOR |
Rheb | BGIBMGA006257-TA | Be negatively regulated by TSC2 and positively regulates TOR |
AMPK | BGIBMGA013139-TA | AMP activated protein kinase, stimulates autophagy by inhibiting TOR signal pathway |
TOR | BGIBMGA008952-TA | Rapamycin target and a kinase involved in repression of autophagy |
Tap42 | BGIBMGA013517-TA | A target of the TOR kinases |
Pp2A | BGIBMGA010831-TA | Protein phosphatase 2A, functions downstream of TOR |
P70s6K | BGIBMGA011088-TA | A downstream effector of TOR, positively regulates autophagy |
PI3K- III | BGIBMGA007158-TA | Contributes to the formation of autophagic vacuoles |
Atg6 | BGIBMGA000092-TA | Component of class III PI3K complexes |
others | ||
Hsc73 | BGIBMGA002381-TA | Involved in chaperone-mediated autophagy |
Atg1 | BGIBMGA011986-TA | Ser/Thr kinase, required for autophagy |
Atg18 | BGIBMGA007298-TA | Required for recycling of Atg9 |
Atg9 | BGIBMGA012307-PA | Transmembrane protein, formation of CVT and autophagic vesicles |