Table 1 Function of reference genes, primer sequences, optimal primer concentrations and reaction efficiencies of qPCR experiments.
From: Selection of reliable reference genes for qPCR studies on chondroprotective action
Symbol | Function | Primer sequence | nM | Efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ACTB | Cytoskeletal structural protein | fw: CTGGAACGGTGAAGGTGACA rv: AAGGGACTTCCTGTAACAATGCA | 300 100 | 1.94 ± 0.01 |
GAPDH | Oxidoreductase in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis | fw: GGAGTCCACTGGCGTCTTCAC rv: GAGGCATTGCTGATGATCTTGAGG | 300 600 | 1.94 ± 0.01 |
B2M | Beta-chain of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules | fw: TGCTGTCTCCATGTTTGATGTATCT rv: TCTCTGCTCCCCACCTCTAAGT | 300 900 | 2.03 ± 0.04 |
HPRT1 | Purine synthesis in salvage pathway | fw: TGACACTGGCAAAACAATGCA rv: GGTCCTTTTCACCAGCAAGCT | 300 900 | 1.94 ± 0.03 |
SDHA | Electron transporter in the TCA cycle and respiratory chain | fw: TGGGAACAAGAGGGCATCTG rv: CCACCACTGCATCAAATTCATG | 300 900 | 2.00 ± 0.01 |
YWHAZ | Signal transduction by binding to phosphorylate serine residues | fw: ACTTTTGGTACATTGTGGCTTCAA rv: CCGCCAGGACAAACCAGTAT | 600 600 | 1.98 ± 0.01 |