Figure 3From: Appropriate 'housekeeping' genes for use in expression profiling the effects of environmental estrogens in fishExpression of the gene of interest vtg in fathead minnow liver following exposure to 10 ng EE 2 /L. vtg expression data is presented (A) normalized to input cDNA, or normalized to the expression of different 'housekeeping' genes: (B) 18S rRNA, (C) rpl8, (D) ef1a, (E) g6pd, (F) bactin, (G) gapdh, (H) hprt1, and (I) tbp, measured in each sample. The results are represented as means ± S.E.M., expressed as fold-increase in expression from the control which was arbitrarily set as the 1× expression of the gene, and shown on a logarithmic scale. Each treatment group consisted of eight male and eight female fish and each fish was analysed in triplicate. Statistically significant differences in gene expression between control and EE2-treated fish for each sex are denoted as follows: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 (Student's t-test).Back to article page