Figure 4

Relative expression level (REL) of spo and EcR gene, mortality and percentage of third-instar nymphs in S. furcifera nymphs subjected to both ds Sfspo exposure and 20E application. The nymphs were continuously ingested dsRNA from the second-instar through the early fourth-instar stage. Two-days after dsRNA exposure, the nymphs received 0.03 μL acetone or 300 pg of 20E in 0.03 μL acetone. The values represent averages with vertical bars indicating SE, which topped with the same letters are not statistically different at P = 0.05.