Figure 5From: Novel reference genes for quantifying transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli to protein overexpression by quantitative PCRFold changes in crtE expressions normalized using different reference gene(s) in E. coli DH10B. Fold changes in transcript expressions of crtE in IPTG induced cells relative to that of control were normalized by (1) geometric mean of top three most stable genes in E. Coli DH10B - cysG/rrsA/pbpC; (2) geometric mean of top three most stable genes in E. Coli BL21 - idnT, cysG, and hcaT; (3) rrsA or (4) ihfB. 2 is the threshold for upregulation and 0.5 is the threshold for downregulation.Back to article page